TROI ANDERSON

ESPIRITISMO, Theater and Trance

Espiritismo, the practice of communication with spirits through trance possession, is found throughout the Caribbean and Latin America. In Venezuela, a mythological goddess figure of ancient indigenous legend -Maria Lionza- is the focal point for gatherings within the jungle of sacred Mount Sorte. This religious movement, still regarded by many as a cult, is composed as a perfect reflection of Venezuela's own multicultural history. It is a syncretic, mestizo mix of the Spanish and Indian, as well as African traditions and beliefs. Theatrical healing ceremonies and colorful pageantry blend wildly to bring forth a knowledge of the esoteric passed down through spiritual caravans; the pilgrims known as Marialionceras. Each caravan worships at the altar of its chosen spirits and saints. From American Indians to African deities, Latin American liberators and Venezuelan folk heroes, even the court of the Vikings exists here. All of these, however, lay at the feet of the "Queen mother of Venezuela", the earth goddess figure whose beauty and majesty is the source of the mystical powers that are said to reside only on this mountain. The pilgrims come to take part in her abundance and seek guidance, connecting through their mutual faith, a diverse history unified by a human desire that seeks connection with the mystery of life. 

  • In the jungles beneath Mt. Sorte in northern Venezuela, pilgrims gather each year seeking a mystical union with the natural forces of this land and to honor their Queen, Maria Lionza.
  • Covered in the mud of a sacred river, pilgrims smoke tobacco for purification and to create a meditative state necessary for communication with the powerful spirits of this land.
  • A night ritual begins.  The participant is placed inside the oracle to induce a trance-state and covered in a red shroud, symbolizing the nature of the spirit to be invoked.  The arrows point outward to the many directions the spirit must take on its difficult journey towards resurrection.
  • Kevin has received the coronation.  Coming to this pilgrimage since he was eight, the coronation is a kind of graduation into the esoteric knowledge practiced here, as well as a symbol honoring the abundant mother, Queen Maria Lionza.
  • Marialionceras, as believers are known, form spiritual caravans led by mediums who serve as intermediaries to the spirit realm.  Through trance the spirits are summoned for purposes of healing, prosperity and spiritual growth.
  • The oracle consists of an elaborate chalk drawing that serves as a focal point between the cosmos and the earth, directing these powerful energies into the participant.  Each oracle contains a symbology reflecting the needs and wishes of those who enter its space.
  • Smoke indicating the presence of the spirit is exhaled by the Banco, a medium between the ethereal world and his caravan.  He is responsible for the revelation of the Mysteries, as well as directing the ceremony.  His authority is absolute over all matters earthly and spiritual.
  • A mother prepares her son in a purification ritual to gather strength at the altar of the Indian Chief Gauicaipuro, whom led Venezuela's tribes against the conquest of the Spanish conquistadors and is revered among the Marialionceras.
  • An initiate receives the coronation from the Banco and an elder of the caravan.
  • A spiritual caravan gathers before an altar as they make their way upriver carrying prayers, offerings and song.
  • In a country rife with violence and corruption, a ceremony offering protection for this man is performed.
  • Marialionceras dress in accordance with the particular {quote}court{quote} of spirits and saints they collectively represent with their caravan.  This is the court of the American Indian, as well as the court of the slave soldiers with Negress Francisca, wife to the slave soldier, Negro Felipe, whom fought and was murdered by the colonial powers.
  • The mannequin figure of {quote}La Rheina{quote} -the Queen- presides over a group of youthful practitioners of the faith.  White represents both humility and purity, while the atmosphere is often one of celebration for the beauty Maria Lionza embodies.
  • The Viking court.  These spirits enact their power through blood ceremony and violent trials.  {quote}For us, the danger must be great.  If risk is not taken, the meaning of life is violated.{quote}-Edgar Gonzalez
  • A Banco gives spiritual guidance to a young man.  In the chaotic political climate of Venezuela, the cult of Maria Lionza offers a sense of security and answers the needs of a country increasingly at odds with mainstream Catholic faith.
  • Andres Solanzano drips with the blood of a viking whose spirit now inhabits his body.  The power of the vikings may be conveyed to others through the physical trial Andres has now endured by his own self-mutilation.  Marialionceras believe that blood is the lifeforce of the universe.  Its vital power flows through everything.
  • Writhing in convulsions, the power of the oracle brings this man into a trance as the spirit enters his body.
  • Pilgrims receive baptism from the holy waters that flow from Mt. Sorte.
  • The viking spirit; Erik the Red.
  • The cult attracts people from all socioeconomic backgrounds across Latin America and the Caribbean.  Its lack of any real hierarchy enables all who come to seek their own meanings and connection with the miraculous they believe exists here.
  • A trial of endurance begins.  A man in trance enters into his unconscious.  It is said that of a hundred initiates into the cult, only a handful will survive its sufferings, which bring the promise of realizing a spiritual wisdom.
  • A trance ceremony.
  • A Banco lights fireworks around his caravan for protection along their spiritual path.  These {quote}families{quote} are not strictly genealogical, but consist of people across Latin American society whom are drawn together by a mutual desire for particular spirits and powers found within this pilgrimage.
  • Pilgrims pay tribute at a makeshift altar to Venezuela's national heroes; Simon Bolivar, Jose Antonio Paez and Francisco de Miranda.  The pilgrims believe that the late President Hugo Chavez's spirit will now reside in these mountains, as he too was said to follow Maria Lionza.
  • Oftentimes the appearance of the spirit is marked by warm embrace.  The connection of Venezuela's diverse history; Indigenous, Spanish and African, is made real through these spiritual bonds.
  • Elaborate displays are made to their Queen.  Each altar reflects the personal devotion of each adherent of the faith.  This one from a wealthy man from the capital city of Caracas.
  • Because there is a lack of institutional hierarchy at Maria Lionza, outsiders within Latin American society, such as transgender, are generally accepted.  A dance for the spirit Negress Francisca.
  • Dressed in what is seen as traditional American Indian clothing, the Indian Court (and the Court of Negress Francisca) from Maracaibo, makes its way along the pilgrims path.  There is an enigmatic sensibility among the followers of Maria Lionza that often creates a circus-like atmosphere.
  • Altars stand throughout the jungle representing paths of devotion to the innumerable spirits and powers that reside here.  Each site allows the followers a place where rituals and prayer may be heard by the divine forces of this land.
  • {quote}We come to bathe in these Holy waters and be renewed again.  To feel a connection with our Mother.{quote}
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  • Kerdel holds his mother after performing a ceremony for her health.  Many of the people who come to these mountains claim to have been cured of ailments by its mystical powers.  {quote}It is for health, peace, protection of life and all of us in this world, that we come here{quote}-Kerdel
  • A pilgrim pours a mixture of purifying elements down his back - river water, liquor and leaves- gathered from the forest.  This land and the rituals performed here allow the believers a spiritual rebirth within the diverse culture of Venezuela.  {quote}We turn towards the sun to take part in the divine together.{quote} -Anderson Emir Rodriguez
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