TROI ANDERSON

THE SACRIFICE, Haitian Vodou

The full moon rises above the caverns of central Haiti, in the mountains high above the rural village of St. Michel de l'Attalaye. Songs of prayer and worship invoke the powers of the ancestral spirits, les Mysteres, of Haitian Vodou. 

Misunderstood and maligned, Haitian Vodou is ancestor worship that provides a living connection with the psychic heritage of a people and place torn apart during the colonial slave trade. The inheritance of these ancestral spirits or lwa, provide the foundation for Haitian Vodou.  

Derived from the Dahomey word meaning spirit, Vodou originates from West African religious traditions of animism. It embraces the elemental forces of nature: earth, fire, water. These are reflected in their ceremonies in which through trance they seek the crossroad between the material and spiritual realm in order to gain access to mait/tete, the divine ancestral spirits. 

Spirit is not seen as a vague, mystical evanescence, but rather intelligence, energy, a repository of moral knowledge. Rituals of birth, initiation, death and sacrifice are theatrically performed. The spiritual principles behind these rites are rekindled through this sacred performance. 

In my own work I was not documenting a particular religion, but instead the great depth of cathartic human emotion possible in its desire for transcendence. For the devotional ceremonies are always in measure to the difficult existence found in Haiti. In this way, Haitian Vodou is an act of affirmation in the face of hellish adversity. The vital spirit of Vodou that has lasted centuries of persecution defines the human foundation that is left when almost everything else has been taken. It is my intention to bring this strength to light. 

  • Full Moon Voodoo Vodou Night Sky prayer moon worship offerings
  • A Vodouisant pilgrim stands in smoky silhouette in the sacred grotto of St. Francis de Assisi.  White papers containing prayers and wishes are placed into the walls of this cave which was inhabited first by the native Taino indians and has since become a holy site of pilgrimage for the followers of Vodou.
  • Vodou ceremonies commence first always with prayers read aloud.  These involve long offerings of thanks and the tradition of charity.  It embraces the three theological virtues upon which the African Cabal is based from its origin:  faith, hope and charity.
  • An initiate is lost in spiritual trance.  Once in possession of the spirit, the cheval  or horse, is mounted  by the spirit and loses all consciousness.  The entering lwa is free to use her body and so becomes the focal point of the ceremony.  It is a conveyance of psychic powers that reanimates and brings to life again the spiritual principles of the ancestors.
  • Sacred in Vodou to the oldest ancestor, Danbhalah -the serpent- the falls of Saut-d'Eau contain three beatitudes recognized in theology: the active, the contemplative and the joyful.  The Houngan, or Vodoun priest, gives offerings and prayer.
  • A pilgrim braces himself beneath the pounding waters of Saut-d'Eau.  The Vodou ancestor spirit, Danbhalah, is believed to have plunged into these abyssal waters in order to induce the abysses to give birth to the world.
  • A pilgrim in solemn prayer before the falls of Saut-d'Eau.
  • At the mud baths of Plaine du Nord, a woman in trance for the Nigerian deity of fire and sky, Ogoun.  Patron of warriors and of the iron-smiths, forgers of war-weapons, Ogoun is might, power, authority, triumph.  In rage he periodically shouts:  {quote}Foutre tonerre!{quote} (By thunder!)
  • Haitian Vodou is unique in that its rituals were commingled as a result of slavery.  Not only with Catholicism which was assimilated into the ancient African symbology, but also a tribal fusion was created between the Nago, Congo, Dahomey, Senegalese, Ethiopian and many other tribes brought to the island of Hispaniola.  Hill of the Calvary Cross, Haiti.
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  • men gather for baptism and purification beneath the pounding waters of the sacred falls at Saut-d'Eau.  These waters also contain the powers of the ancient vodou spirit, Danbhallah.  This force is regenerative for the vodou pilgrim.
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  • A Houngan or Voudoun priest acts as a healer.  He is able to find the illness which is often viewed as psychosomatic.  Under the guidance of the priest, the patient, through moral will and self-discipline, may find resolution through their own actions and control.  ceremonies healing Haiti Voodoo Vodou secrets of vodoo
  • Corn meal is laid upon the bare chest of an infant.  Cornmeal is commonly used to create a vever, an elaborate, symbolic drawing made on the ground in order to attract the lwa spirits.  In this case, the power of the lwa is asked to enter and heal a sick child.
  • A pilgrim holds his candle aloft to the zenith light now entering the grotto of St. Francis de Assisi.  Legba, the sun and fire of life, the old man at the gate, the medium through which the primal energy funnels into the world connecting the universe eternally with its divine origin.  Legba is the god of the Crossroads, the guardian of the sacred path, the origin of life.  As navel of the world and as its womb, Legba is addressed in prayers at childbirth with the phrase:  {quote}Open the road for me, do not let any evil bar my path{quote}.
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  • A woman deep in trance prepares for the sacrifice.  She is given a moments respite from her exhausting performance which reflects the devotion by which she approaches the ritual.  There is little separation between life and death in Haiti and this too is reflected in their religious ceremonies.  As life is dependent on the constant need for replenishment, the sacrifice symbolizes the cosmic process by which life is fed and so may begin again.
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  • At the Congo ceremony of Soukri for the lwa spirits of the Ghede, lords of life and death, guardians to the underworld and a symbol of resurrection.  The Congo ceremony is one of the few dances performed in partner relationship.
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  • A theatrical performace at the mud baths of Plaine du Nord.
  • For the Haitian, from life into death, one becomes the ancestor and from the ancestor enters the pantheon of lwa spirits that run in the bloodline as part of the psychic heritage that is passed down from generation to generation and which serves as its regenerating life force.
  • A mother and child at the pilgrimage of Saut-d'Eau.
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  • Pilgrim at the sea of Bor De Mer.
  • {quote}Agwe Arroyo, protect your children,{quote}{quote}Sea-Shell in hand, care for your little ones{quote}-Creole Song.
  • The beginning of the Congo ceremony at Soukri.
  • welcoming of the ancestral spirits, the Ghede at Soukri.
  • At the temple of Soukri.
  • Dance inviting the ancestor spirits.
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  • An offering is made to the earth.  The seeds of corn as new birth and the broken branch of a tree which is the continued promise of service to the ancestral spirits.
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