TROI ANDERSON

RITE OF SPRING, Kurdistan

The Kurds are the largest stateless ethnic minority on the planet. They are a people of 40 million found in Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq and whom carry the living aspirations of a culture, a history, an identity that has not yet been allowed to exist. This condemnation by the rulers of the ages is a familiar one for those who would seek their own freedom. 

What is extraordinary with the Kurds is that after having suffered centuries of persecution, oppression and genocide, they have steadfastly remained their own people. Being offered assimilation or the requisite destruction, the Kurds have refused both and embraced a lonely existence in defiantly declaring their own survival. 

In a region that has been the birthplace and ruin to countless empires and gods, the Kurdish people have remained. This instinct to persist -no matter the difficulty- is something I document in my work. I want to understand this motive of survival because I believe it is an actual underpinning of the universe. Something that functions like dark matter, creating a hidden foundation to our existence. 

Like the Kurds, the Yazidi people have suffered continuous persecution, but as with the Kurds, they too have refused every persuasion to abandon their traditions and identity. 

The Yazidi faith is a Mystery religion whose origins date back 2000 years. They are mostly farmers, famous for their figs. Their homeland is within the isolated region of Sinjar in northern Iraq. Sinjar lies within just miles of Mosul in the Ninevah plains. This region, once a haven for ethnic minorities like the Yazidi, became the center of the Islamic Caliphate. In August of 2014, the invading forces of ISIS began what was to be a genocide against the Yazidi. More than 10,000 were either killed or enslaved. Close to 4,000 Yazidi girls remain unaccounted for, many having been sold in the ISIS slave markets for the price of a pack of cigarettes.  

ISIS called the Yazidi unclean; "devil-worshippers", yet the irony for the Yazidi is that they don't believe in good and evil. Instead they see both sides as originating from one source and that the devil himself was redeemed through tears and that redemption itself is holy. 

While the Yazidi people are often considered the first or original Kurds, their presence in the Middle East is fast dwindling. The photographs taken may be among the last recorded while they remain in their native homeland. Both the Kurds and Yazidi are outsiders to history. They are a rare people, capable of carrying the great burden of their own freedom through this ancient land.  

  • After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, in what would become a repeated pattern of the Western powers, the promise of a homeland was not kept for the Kurds.  They were tossed together into {quote}Iraq{quote}, suffering failed monarchies and violent revolutions, paving a dark path to the genocidal reign of Saddam Hussein.  A forsaken people, the Kurds have been guilty of the simple crime of their existence.
  • {quote}We have no friends but the mountains{quote}; an oft-repeated Kurdish motto, expresses one of the great lonely truths for the Kurds.  Kurdistan is a place that does not yet exist for the 40 million Kurds living in the world today.
  • A political rally in Akre, Iraq.
  • In Halabja, Kurdish families pose before tanks that were once used to exterminate them.  In 2006, the ex-president of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, was charged with the Anfal genocide which killed between 50,000 to 182,000 Kurds, and destroyed all ancestral Kurdish villages of north Iraq.
  • A Kurdish boy above the Zanta valley.
  • A young member of the Kurdish PDK Peshmerga.  The Barzani family military wing for the Federal region of Iraqi Kurdistan.  Peshmerga translates as {quote}those who face death{quote}.  Their existence predates that of the country of Iraq.
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  • The al-Anfal campaign was meant to {quote}cleanse{quote} the region of the Kurds.  Security forces rounded up the civilian populations into concentration camps.  Adult males and teenage boys were selected from the camps for mass execution.
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  • A Yazidi man living in the ruins of one of Saddam Hussein's palaces.  He fled with his family from the village of Dhola during the 2014 genocide perpetrated against the Yazidi by ISIS.  {quote}We have no future in Iraq.  Everything is broken for us{quote}.
  • A Yazidi girl closes her eyes and makes a wish, tossing a red scarf to an altar in the Holy city of Lalish.  If the scarf lands atop the sacred altar without falling, then her life will be blessed.  More than 5000 girls like this were captured and sold as sex slaves during the ISIS attack on Sinjar in 2014.  These girls were raped, brutalized and sold as wives among ISIS fighters.  The Yazidi do not allow marriage of women to anyone outside the faith.  However, this violence has led to a changing of their traditions.  For those women who have escaped from ISIS, the Yazidi have created a new baptism which allows the girls to reenter society.  It is a kind of ritual purification and answer to the horrors of such degradation.  As of 2018, more than 3000 Yazidi girls are still missing.
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  • Torchbearers during the Spring celebration of Newroz.
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  • The Kurdish flag draped over the mountains of Akre.  On September 25th, 2017 the Kurdistan region of Iraq held a symbolic referendum.  They asked if they wanted to be a free people and their own nation.  It was a resounding yes.  This was immediately met with violence from Baghdad, Iran and Turkey.  There was no outside support for an independent nation for the Kurds.  This included the United States, whom after years of using the Peshmerga to fight ISIS, now {quote}remained neutral{quote} but whose weapons were used by the Iraqi military to kill Peshmerga soldiers along with Kurdish civilians.
  • Kurdish women traveling across the Qandil mountains.
  • Three Kurdish sisters.
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  • The celebration of Newroz.
  • Rawiya Dakhil came from a wealthy Yazidi family in SInjar.  Her father was a village elder.  They now live in Chamiskou refugee camp with her mother, two sisters and brother.  Everything was lost to ISIS, but her family survived.  She was offered asylum in Germany, but refused to go.  {quote}I love my father.  I will not leave him.{quote}
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  • A kurdish woman stands atop the bombed out ruins of Saddam Hussein's summer palace on Gara mountain.  From this vantage point Hussein would plan the al-Anfal genocide which resulted in the slaughter of tens of thousands of Kurds from 1986 to 1989.
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  • A Yazidi boy stands barefoot in the holy city of Lalish.  Most boys his age were murdered by the invading forces of ISIS in 2014.  His family escaped to Mt. Sinjar along with more than 50,000 Yazidi.  In the heat of summer, they withstood ten days without food or water, until the Kurdish Peshmerga could break a line of safe passage through ISIS forces.
  • The ancient fire ceremony of Newroz marking the rite of Spring and the Kurdish New Year in the mountain city of Akre in northern Iraq.  A procession of torchbearers is led to the highest peak overlooking the city.  Fireworks and gunfire echo about in a celebration that has had special meaning since the fall of Saddam Hussein.  Previous to the American occupation in 2003, these people lived under the threat  of indiscriminate slaughter and genocide.  Now for the first time in centuries, they hold the beginnings of their own nation and the possibility of self-determination.  While still considered a province of Iraq, Kurdistan is the proud homeland of a people that have lived dangerously as outsiders for most of their history.
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  • {quote}My name is  Ja'id Murad from the village of Tallazir in Shankal.  I was 14 years old living with my father, my mother, my sisters and my brother.  We had a two room house, a kitchen and a bedroom where we slept.  My dreams were the biggest I could ever want thanks to my mother and father who helped me all these years.  But one night, at 2 a.m. on August 3, 2014, the terrorist group ISIS attacked my village.  I awoke to the sound of gunfire and frightened voices.  The women screamed for the men to protect us. We fled the village at 8 a.m. and went north to the farm of my uncle Barakat.  We were almost 50 people on the farm when ISIS arrived.  They killed my father and 11 of my uncles and cousins.  They then took 35 young girls and women from our family.  One of them was my sister.  They allowed myself and the children and grandmothers to remain because they were too old or too young for sex.  We fled to Mt. Sinjar and stayed in the mountains for 10 days without food or water.  The temperatures reached above 100 degrees F.  Many of us died.  After that the Kurdish PKK fighters were able to open a road of safety for us from ISIS.  I now live in a refugee camp with the rest of my family.  Not a day passes my mother is not crying for the death of my father, uncles and cousins.  I am now 18 and my sister and cousins are still kidnapped.  I wait for the day when they will be free.  We don't want charity.  We don't want money.  We don't want power.  We just want to live with our families in peace.  I have the right to live with my sister who has been sold.  I have the right to live with my father who has been killed.  In my homeland, if you are not muslim they will kill you.  Even if you have no religion, no one has the right to kill me.  I will wait for my sister and cousins until the last day of my life{quote}.
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